Bullying-Literary Review

The literary review looks at different aspects related to the research topic. The first part of the chapter looks at defining and identifying key aspects of bullying. It looks at the general occurrence of bullying and the researches that indicate the extent of bullying in the different parts of the world. The section then dwells on the different types of bullying and how it can affect the individuals involved.One of the key aspects of bullying in the modern world, cyber bullying is also treated in this section. The different characteristics and elements involved in bullying are treated to understand the phenomenon of bullying.The section then looks at the different theories that could explain the bullying behaviour. An important section of this section is the role of teachers in overall bullying scenario. It also discusses the different intervention methods currently used. The second section of chapter deals with the second aspect of bullying, namely, empathy. It looks at the definit ion and historical evolution of empathy. It also looks at the aspects related to the definition and how it is differentiated from other similar terms often used. The section also looks into the use of empathy in related fields of healthcare.The section specifically looks that researches done on the relationship between bullying and empathy as well. The section finally looks at empathy in relation to teachers. Bullying Defining bullying Smith, P. K. et al (2000) defines bullying as a form of antisocial behaviour that is found in schools, neighbourhoods and homes. Olweus, D. (1986, 1993) defines being bullied or victimized as the following: â€Å"A person is bullied when he or she is exposed repeatedly and over time to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons†. Olweus adds the negative and harmful factor of bullying to the definition.Richter, N. (2005) defines bullying in the following way: â€Å"A bully is a person who hurts or browbeats those who are weaker. Browbeat means to intimidate with harsh, stern looks and talk†. American Medical Association defines bullying as a negative behaviour that involves a pattern of repeated aggression against the victim, deliberate intent to harm or disturb despite apparent distress of the victim and a real or perceived imbalance of power with the more powerful individual or group attacking a physically or psychologically vulnerable victim.Richter and AMA add the factor of imbalance of power to the definition of bullying. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines bullying as psychiatric disorder that is characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which either the basic rights of the victim is violated. The phenomenon of bullying is characterised by three major aspects: (1) An aggressive behaviour or intentional behaviour to bring harm (2) It is carried out repeatedly and over time, (3) the inter-personal relationship is characterized by an imbalan ce of power.Often bullying is found to happen without any apparent provocation. Hence bullying can be considered as a form of abuse. This is mainly at a peer level and can be termed as a peer abuse. The Prevalence of Bullying Bullying among the children is found to typically occur at school or during their way to the school. As children do not have an option of changing the environment by not being in the school, most of them are unable to avoid bullying.A study conducted by US Department of Education and Justice in 1999 indicated that almost 1 million students (4%) who are aged between 12 and 18 years reported fear of being attacked or harmed in the school vicinity. About 5% reported that they avoided one or more places in the school wile 13% reported that they were targets of language of hate. The National Threat Assessment Center found that more than two thirds of the attackers involved in 37 shootings did the attack for taking revenge for incidents in their lives when they felt persecuted, bullied, threatened, attacked or injured by others.It was found that exposure to bullying at school played a major role in motivating most of the perpetrators to take up violence. (AMA, 2002) Studies conducted by Olweus in Norway and Sweden with 150,000 students who are from grades one to nine indicated that 15% of the students reported of being involved in bully or victim problems several times within a three to five month period. About 9 percentage of the students reported that they had been bullied by their peers several times and about 7 percentage of the students indicated that they bullied others.About 2 percentage of students reported that they were bullied as well as they bullied other students. Studies in Europe and United States have indicated higher level of bullying among the children and the youth. In a study that involved 6,500 students who are between the 4th grade and the 6th grade in South Carolina, about 23 percentage of the students reported of being b ullied several times during the three months and 9 percent reported of being victim of very frequent bullying, which was qualified as once a week or more.About one in five reported that they bully other students several times during the period of the study. A study conducted by Nansel with representation of about 15,600 students from 6th to 10th grades provided similar results. Seventeen percent of the students studied indicated that they bullied sometimes during the school term and 19 percent reported bullying others more often. Six percent of the full sample reported both bullying and having been bullied.Many studied have found that the rates of bullying decrease steadily through the elementary grades such as the study conducted by Melton, Nansel shows. A study conducted by Olweus on about 10,000 Norwegian studies indicated that the rates of victimisation were twice as high among the 4th grade students when compared to the 10th grade. Nansel found that about one quarter of the stu dents in the 6th grade reported being bullied during the current school term which was less than one tenth of the 10th graders. (AMA, 2002)

Election 2013

Three Debatable Issues On November 6, 2012 American’s will have the opportunity to decide on the next President, current President, Barack Obama or Mitt Romney. There are three major issues being debated during the 2012 election, which are same sex marriage, abortion and healthcare. Each candidate has an opposite stance on each issue being discussed. One of the hot button issues is same sex marriage. In 1996, Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act, which outlaws same sex marriage, and union between two men or two women.Currently ten states allow same sex marriage; five states recognize civil union and six have domestic partnerships. The election of 2012 will allow voters in eighteen states to decide on weather to add or ban same sex marriage. Obama is supportive on same sex marriage. Internally he struggles due to his Christian and social beliefs, however he publicly announced his endorsement on May 9, 2012. Obama, as our current President, doesn’t support the Defe nse of Marriage Act. He has directed his administration to stop defending the act in Courts. Romney is against same sex marriage.He believes marriage is between and woman and a man, going back 3000 years ago. He feels same sex marriage would destroy America and it’s youth. He is very supportive of Jones2 the Federal Marriage Amendment, which prohibits same sex marriage. Another major deciding issue is Abortion. Abortion is the purging of an unborn fetus, by choice or accident, in a woman’s womb. Abortion is a very highly debated as it touches on one’s right to live and one’s right to decide. In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled a woman has the right to abort her pregnancy.Romney is Pro-life, which rejects the idea of abortions based on religious, moral and ethnic grounds. He supports the rights of the unborn child. He previously supported a woman’s right to decide, however now is against abortions unless rap, incest or to save a mother’s life is involved. Obama is Pro-Choice, which takes away the governments involvement or influence and allows the mother to make the choice. He believes the government should not intrude on private family matter. The choice is given to mother to make this decision. Lastly, an issue that affects all Americans is taxes.Taxes are predetermined of money that each person has to pay on revenue-generated money. Romney supports a budget that will cut taxes for the middle class, people earing less than 200,000 a year, and individuals aged sixty five or older. He also proposes that he will remove taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains, which will in turn results in more money for the middle class. He will also remove the death tax, in which he states makes no sense a all. Current President Obama wants to work to make the tax fairer to the middle class and eliminate loopholes for the wealthy class.He is in favor of progressive tax system, which simplifies the tax code. This will allow for a more equal tax rate as currently people who make less money Jones3 could end up paying more in taxes than a wealthier person or family. Whether you agree or disagree with the issues stated previously, same sex marriage, abortion or taxes; we all have a choice to make. Each candidate has strong opposing views against each other. These topics can become a deal breaker for how our American people vote. Election 2013 Three Debatable Issues On November 6, 2012 American’s will have the opportunity to decide on the next President, current President, Barack Obama or Mitt Romney. There are three major issues being debated during the 2012 election, which are same sex marriage, abortion and healthcare. Each candidate has an opposite stance on each issue being discussed. One of the hot button issues is same sex marriage. In 1996, Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act, which outlaws same sex marriage, and union between two men or two women.Currently ten states allow same sex marriage; five states recognize civil union and six have domestic partnerships. The election of 2012 will allow voters in eighteen states to decide on weather to add or ban same sex marriage. Obama is supportive on same sex marriage. Internally he struggles due to his Christian and social beliefs, however he publicly announced his endorsement on May 9, 2012. Obama, as our current President, doesn’t support the Defe nse of Marriage Act. He has directed his administration to stop defending the act in Courts. Romney is against same sex marriage.He believes marriage is between and woman and a man, going back 3000 years ago. He feels same sex marriage would destroy America and it’s youth. He is very supportive of Jones2 the Federal Marriage Amendment, which prohibits same sex marriage. Another major deciding issue is Abortion. Abortion is the purging of an unborn fetus, by choice or accident, in a woman’s womb. Abortion is a very highly debated as it touches on one’s right to live and one’s right to decide. In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled a woman has the right to abort her pregnancy.Romney is Pro-life, which rejects the idea of abortions based on religious, moral and ethnic grounds. He supports the rights of the unborn child. He previously supported a woman’s right to decide, however now is against abortions unless rap, incest or to save a mother’s life is involved. Obama is Pro-Choice, which takes away the governments involvement or influence and allows the mother to make the choice. He believes the government should not intrude on private family matter. The choice is given to mother to make this decision. Lastly, an issue that affects all Americans is taxes.Taxes are predetermined of money that each person has to pay on revenue-generated money. Romney supports a budget that will cut taxes for the middle class, people earing less than 200,000 a year, and individuals aged sixty five or older. He also proposes that he will remove taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains, which will in turn results in more money for the middle class. He will also remove the death tax, in which he states makes no sense a all. Current President Obama wants to work to make the tax fairer to the middle class and eliminate loopholes for the wealthy class.He is in favor of progressive tax system, which simplifies the tax code. This will allow for a more equal tax rate as currently people who make less money Jones3 could end up paying more in taxes than a wealthier person or family. Whether you agree or disagree with the issues stated previously, same sex marriage, abortion or taxes; we all have a choice to make. Each candidate has strong opposing views against each other. These topics can become a deal breaker for how our American people vote.

Project Manager Status Report Essay

Provide a quick executive overview of the status of the project in this section It is intended for high level management so it should not get too much into the details of the project. However, it should highlight anything specific, which should be brought to their attention. The Scope/Schedule/Cost/Quality table above is a quick way to present a color coded dashboard for the status report. Typically a variance of +/- 5% will warrant a yellow cautionary color and +/- 10% will warrant a red warning color. For a project which needs tighter control +/- 2% and +/- 5% are used for these thresholds; whereas, other projects with less strict control may use 10% and 20% variances. The percent complete here should be the percent completion of the entire project. For any constraint which is yellow or red this section should contain brief explanation the reason why. Example: The project schedule is 7% behind schedule due to inclement weather which has affected the installation of the fiber optics throughout the campus. This should not affect the project completion date as crews are planning to make up the time by working weekends and extended hours next month. The project risks is red due to the inclement weather and servers which were delivered last month weren’t configured with the correct hardware specifications. The impact of the inclement weather on the schedule will be mitigated by having crews make up the time by working weekends and extended hours next month. Currently we are working with the server vendor to resolve the server hardware configuration problem. The configuration delivered will not handle the work load of going live in two months; however, it is sufficient for development and testing activities scheduled prior to going live. Once you have finished understanding this section you can just highlight the directions and example and place your specific information for your team’s weekly report. Work Planed for Last Month For this section you can copy the â€Å"Worked Planned for Next Week† section from last week’s status report and paste it into this section. Work Completed Last Week In this section you should provide a highlight of work performed and milestones and/or deliverables met during the past week. Work Planned For Next Week Provide an overview of the work being performed during the next week and any milestones or deliverables you expect to meet. Open Issues This section should contain a list of open issues along with their status. Open Risks This section should contain a list of all open risks (risks which have occurred, or are on the verge of occurring). Deliverables and Milestones This section is a quick table, which shows the status of the project milestones and deliverables. The first column is for the name of the Milestone or Deliverable as it’s in the project plan. The next column is the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) number, this makes it easier to find the milestone/deliverable in the project plan (You will create WBS numbers when you create your Work Breakdown Structure form, so for now you can just leave this blank). Planned is the planned date according to the approved project plan, the forecasted is the date you expect and actual is the actual date the milestone was met or deliverable was delivered. The status is a simple one or two word status such as; completed, on schedule, behind schedule, accepted, etc. Milestone WBS Planned Forecasted Actual Status Deliverable WBS Planned Forecasted Actual Status Open Change Requests Use this section to track all changes to the project and report the status of those changes. Tracking of changes starts with the request for the change, tracks the approval status and ends when the change is added to the project, the project plan and schedule update and it has become a part of the project. (You can create your own change request numbers) EXAMPLE Change Request Name Change Request Number Request Date Current Status Add xyz Functionality CR55043 3/14/20xx In Review by Change Control Board Add Redundant Servers CR55012 2/17/20xx Approved and Being Added to the Project Plan Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) Many managers turn right to this section as it provide a clear view of the status of the project according the earned value metrics. In your project you need to decide which metrics to monitor, but be sure not to include too many as you may end up providing the same information but in different forms. We like to track SV, SPI, CV and CPI in the layout below. Next to the schedule and cost headings you should state whether the project is ahead of or behind schedule and over or under budget. Notice we left out the word on – it is highly unlikely that you. If you like you can also include a paragraph at the beginning of this section presenting the earned value results in verbose. IF a budget is involved you will need to include information in this section: Schedule – Project is Ahead of/Behind Schedule Schedule Variance (SV):$xxxx Schedule Performance Index (SPI):x.xx Cost – Project is Over/Under Budget Cost Variance (CV):$xxx Cost Performance Index (CPI):x.xx

Entrepreneurial Decision Making Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Entrepreneurial Decision Making - Research Paper Example hought entails critical analysis of each of the available choices; analyzing both the long-term and short-term costs and benefits of every option, and deciding on the most suitable one. Since the decisions made are very critical and determines whether a business stands or collapses, it is necessary for entrepreneurs not to be hasty in the process. There should be a systematic procedure to be adhered to in the course of decision making. According to Entrepreneurshipatease.com (2010), there are four steps for quality decision making: alternatives, consequences, information and plan. In decision making there are varieties of alternatives, which the entrepreneurs may choose from. The main aim of a business is profit maximization and capital growth. An entrepreneur has to do proper calculations to ensure the realization of these key goals. It requires in-depth reasoning to choose wisely from the available alternatives or options. Sabrina (2011) documents two methods of reasoning that an entrepreneur can adopt in the process of decision making; traditional and effectual. Traditional reasoning involves setting goals and working diligently towards meeting them while effectual reasoning involves creating effect through evaluating how to use one’s strengths and resources in for entrepreneurial decision making (Sabrina 2011). Information is power; an entrepreneur should have adequate and extensive information about the available alternatives to enable settling on the best choice. In the course of decision making, plans should be underway to ensure that any eventuality is tactfully dealt with. Each choice made is prone to costs and benefits. The entrepreneur must conduct a cost and benefit analysis to settle on choice with overwhelming benefits. It does not necessarily mean that if an entrepreneurial decision has numerous benefits, then it has no consequences. Consequences often exist,

MGMT444 U1 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT444 U1 IP - Research Paper Example Organization is one of the key attributes that every business manager is expected to have. This characteristic ensures that desired business performance is achieved on periodic basis and new opportunities that arise during the course are not only identified but also utilized. Therefore, manager is expected to remain well aware at all times or at least have a mechanism or system in place to do so on systematic basis. 3) A major part of your job would involve managing people. It is important for us that our business managers are perceived as just and approachable. Have you come across such situations where maintaining objectivity would have been difficult in interpersonal situations? A business manager is required to be well respected by their subordinates. For this purpose, being just and fair is important. It is also important in order to motivate employees and have effective communication with them through different media (Hunter, 2009). 4) What do you think is the key of motivating one’s team? What attributes should managers have in this regard? Have you introduced any measures in your previous organizations to enhance employees’ morale and motivation level? A business manager is required to be aware of existing market practices used to motivate employees intrinsically as well as extrinsically (Hunter, 2009; Collins, 2001). Also, they should be creative enough to analyze needs of their subordinates and introduce new regime of policies to motivate them. 5) We believe that our managers represent our culture and values, as they are responsible for coaching and mentoring our workforce. Please tell us how you see yourself compatible with our values and principles. Coaching and mentoring is an important aspect of leading workforce. This function not only involves training employees regarding their function but also guide them about career progression and personal circumstances faced by them. It is

Impact of Information Systems on Aalsmeer Flower Auction Essay

Impact of Information Systems on Aalsmeer Flower Auction - Essay Example This paper illustrates that as the world moves one step forward each day, the advancements in information systems move a hundred step ahead, and has advanced to an extent that once considered as a support function, today information systems drive the business model for many organizations. An interactive information system of the base organization allows its stakeholders to interact with the system in various forms and modes, with differing rights and restrictions. The classical example of such a scenario is the Walmart-P&G strategic partnership whereby the IS is inter-linked allowing the supply chain to be automated for inventory replenishment as well as for ensuring that the right product is placed at the right place, in the right quantity. Auction websites follow a business model that is based in the whole sum on the fundamental of the information system. A classical example of such models has been applied at eBay, Souq, etc. Amazon is another classical application whereby online s elling is displayed to perfection by the business. The right level of application of an IS has also led firms into a competitive advantage over their competitors, since most of the developments in IS by a particular business are patent for their usage. The object of analysis for the purpose of this assignment is Aalsmeer Flower Auction, later referred to as ‘the business’ in this essay. The business is a mediator between the Dutch flower growers and buyers – it is a platform whereby they interact and enter into sale/purchase agreements. The business is often used as a price indicator since it presents the pricing where deals are made. Initially, the supply side ruled the markets; however, there are three trends that have changed the outlook of the respective industry, as stated by Bocij: development of e-markets, unsatisfied needs of retailers, and mergers and Acquisitions amongst retailers, and professional growth amongst sellers. With this, it seems visible tha t the business lacks an information system that can deal with these and the other growing trends in the industry – an IS that can swallow the current and the upcoming changes and trends in the flowers industry.

Waterlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Waterlife - Essay Example It depicts some of the most fascinating characters ever. They met various personalities from various places throughout the course of their research for the documentary and came up with this fascinating multimedia based site. The documentary shows its viewers the fascinating Great Lakes as it comes across to the seagulls, to the fish or to water molecules. It has shown a host of other amazing perspectives. It has been filmed during a period of one year, using state of art cameras and techniques. The project presents an epic view of the surrounding eco-system. It is a rare sight for most people living within the vicinity who make the majority of the population living there. The documentary moves from the fountains of Chicago to the clouds on the journey. It was made by one of the most innovative and renowned documentary film makers of all times, Kevin McMahon. The project has been expressed as a multi-media project. It is supported by intense animation, video, audio recordings sounds, flash imaging and a moving canvas. The website opens with a flash graph and a soft music playing in the background. The user on the other end is prompted to enter the site and explore the project further. This is the initial immediate view of the project when it is loading. There is global navigation on the bottom of the page. It is shown in the figure below. There are five options in the menu bar on the bottom left and five options on the bottom right. They are pertaining to Water life home, Resources/Community Action, About the Film, Directors Statement and News Screenings. On the bottom right, there is sharing of the page on various sites. On moving the cursor to the left side of the page after entering the site, the user is shown a huge flash menu carrying the list of things he can walk around and listen to on the site. As shown in the figure below, against â€Å"Water is† there is a list of items that has cropped

Evaluate Unilever's financial strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evaluate Unilever's financial strategy - Essay Example Then the sources of Finance is analysed using Modigliani-Miller Theorem and it reveals that the debt to equity position of the organization is good and has significant impact on its market value. However, the cash position of the company is not stable and requires attention from the management. The Dividend policy of the organization is healthy and looks at wealth maximization of the shareholders. The managers are concerned about the dividend return and regularly review the dividend policies. Moreover, the economic condition is quite unstable and a sluggish growth is expected. In this regards it is recommended that the organization should give attention towards their cash position and should enhance other activities through which their profitability can be enhanced. The organization is also suggested to maintain healthy debt equity ratio, having higher debt may negatively impact their firm value. Introduction The Unilever Group started their operations in 1885 but was not established until 1930 when the business actually joined forces to create the well established business prior to the start of 20th century. The corporate vision of the organization aims towards helping the people in order to look and feel good and get more out of their life. The organization aims to create a sustainable living place and a better future through their services and brands (Unilever, 2013a). The first priority for the organization is their consumers and then comes the employees, communities and the suppliers. The organization aims to fulfil their responsibilities by serving their customers and make their shareholders eventually rewarded. Financial strategy plays a major role in the sustainability of an organization. Financial strategy is a portfolio that includes corporate strategic plans that involves financing decision and optimum investment that helps in attaining the specified objectives. It is an area of managerial policies that determines the financial and investment decisio ns, which in turn leads to the wealth maximization of the shareholders (Hill, 2009). This paper focuses on the financial strategy of the organization and provides recommendation on the basis of that. Corporate Life Cycle The Corporate life cycle can be segregated into four stages through which an organization passes. The four stages are introduction, growth, matured and decline. The introduction stage is the point where the organization first places its product and services in the market for the customers. In this stage it starts capturing the market share. The next stage is the growth stage in which the organization with the best quality product or service is at the top of the competition. The sales increases and the organization spend money in building the brand. The demands of the consumers are at the highest point. The third stage is maturity where the organization has maximised their profit and is operating at a stable place in the market. Here the organization decides whether to withdraw their product or services from the market or to bring some innovation in them such that they remain in the market. The main focus is on the sustainability of the business. The last stage is the decline stage. At this stage the organization has already introduced their new products or next generation product. The

Employment Law and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment Law and Policy - Essay Example First, when they went to meet with Ms. Young, they should have waited for the next meeting time as she did not deny addressing their issues. They began their journey to the headquarters. Second, while investigating the matters highlighted by the three nurses, Custer did not observe the similar discontent from the department heads that was portrayed by the three nurses; rather, the department heads supported Ms. Young. Third, the department heads informed about their reservations over the unprofessional conduct and behavior of the three nurses. Fourth, the Ms. Young also complained about the improper and lack of cooperation from the three nurses. Subsequent to that, when Custer asked each person at the meeting for the names of the people he or she thought responsible for the tension at the Heartland facility, a considerable number of counts highlighted the major involvement of the three nurses. More importantly, when in March, the HR Director Custer was announcing his decisions resolv ing the issue; defiance and resistance to change was personally felt by the Director that was largely contributed by the three nurses. In almost every organization, a code of conduct is established and the employees are required to support and follow the requirements of it. Mostly, a number of organizations emphasize its enforcement so that the smooth functioning of the organization must remain active and continue. However, the conduct of the three nurses did not respect the established code of conduct; rather, they went against it.  ... However, the conduct of the three nurses did not respect the established code of conduct; rather, they went against it. And, the subsequent investigation proved and necessitated the employment termination of the three nurses. Impasses, Strikes, and Dispute Resolution The Mackay doctrine permits employers to hire permanent replacement workers for strikers (Hatton, 2011, p. 97). However, the United States also maintains that its laws guarantee the right of association and the right to strike and that the ‘Mackay doctrine’ must not violate the right to strike (Compa & Diamond, 1996, p.35). The inverse seniority step violates the sanctity of the Section 8(a) (1) of the NLRA. This Section maintains that any attempt by the employers shall be deemed as an unfair labor practice that interfere with, coerce or restrain employees in the exercise of their rights to join or assist labor organizations, or not to assist or join labor organizations. The inverse seniority option offered by the Child Care Services Inc. (CCSI) represents a clear act of interfering in the employee rights to assist or perform labor organization related activities and the inverse seniority would bring the replacements first for the most senior members; and, in the very first attempt of replacement, the main union members of the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) would be replaced in the case of strike; this action directly breaches the workers’ rights and puts additional pressure on them so that they should avoid exercising their legal rights for obtaining their objectives. On the other hand, Mackay doctrine permits the employers to hire replacement workers in the

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay In 1971, Starbucks was founded on a love for coffee and 42 years later you can still go in and expect the same delicious cup of steaming hot coffee from your local store, served to you from a friendly face. Starbucks mission is â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Today, with more than 18,000 stores in 62 countries, Starbucks is the premier roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world. And with every cup, we strive to bring both our heritage and an exceptional experience to life. † (http://www. starbucks. com/about-us/our-heritage). They offer the best roasted coffee, handcrafted beverages; coffee experience products, excellence service and innovation, plus they are dedicated to produce a great coffee experience to customers. (Starbucks, 2011) The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze Starbucks’ organizational structure and the best form of organizational structure that best fits Starbucks with an emphasis on Job description and Job Specification for a Starbucks employee. I will also try to determine the form of departmentalization that should be used, as well as whether centralization or decentralization of power should be used in light of the recent financial struggles they’ve had. Lastly, I will attempt to determine which organizational configuration best fits Starbucks. Job description is defined as â€Å"a formal lists of tasks and duties† and Job specification is defined as â€Å"a list of eligibility requirements or qualifications needed to perform a job† (Reilly, Minnick Baack. 2011). These definitions will be used in creating a position for a new employee. Job Description: If you love coffee and helping people than you just might be perfect for this job! At Starbucks, we strive to provide a much needed service in today’s busy world. At Starbucks you can learn all about different coffee beans from all over the world and help in developing a great working team. You will be trained in what it means to thoroughly enjoy your job, the people you work with in a clean and safe environment and to enjoy working with the best coffee you can imagine. Job Specification: Develop a working knowledge of all products we offer. Maintain a clean and friendly store. Maintain a professional attitude and your composure should the store become busier than usual. Anticipates customer and store needs. Be Flexible with shifts and days that you can work. Starbucks should be using is departmentalization by geographic region. Starbuck locations are all over the United States. Starbucks uses a matrix configuration by combining divisional and functional structures. Divisional structure is used in multi-product or multi-market operations. Starbucks fall into this structure by having so many different beverages and items on the menu. When putting out so many different items one has to specialize in those items. Starbucks trains their employees to know every item inside and out. You cannot have one person who can make one drink and nit another. They use functional structure to stay organized activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation. With 18,000 stores it takes many teams to stay updated of everything that is going on in the market. Starbucks hires people who specialize in marketing strategy to keep them on top of the market. The form should be changed in the stores that serve lunch because the structure of the work changes. It becomes more of a machine bureaucracy in that it is highly routine in making drinks as well as sandwiches and salads. When you have to repeat something many times you are working like a machine. Starbucks has decentralized authority because they created decision-making for each manager. There are also lots of stores around the world and each store has different from the authority, managers, and customers. This also allows for employees to be able to give their thoughts, opinions, and ideas. If the company uses their ideas they are rewarded. It also allows for the lines of communication to stay open between employees and managers which allows for a friendly working environment. Starbucks is making sure that it is here to stay. By surrounding itself and its team members with the best training and communication they stand out against all competitors. Yes, other will try to stand up against the designer coffee label but when it comes down to it Starbucks is finding new ways to stay at the top. With being in different regions they have created an evening atmosphere where you can drop in after work, with friends, after yoga, by yourself, after a long day or after a great day. The food is amazing. The wine selection is simple and smart (www. starbucks. com/coffeehouse/starbucks-stores/starbucks-evenings). Starbucks will change the structure of the business as many times as it takes to make it work for them. You never know they may create things that work for them that do not work for other coffee shops. REFERENCES Reilly, M. , Minnick, C. , Baack, D. (2011). The five functions of effective management. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://starbucks. com https://starbucks. com/about-us/out-heritage.

Transient Over Voltages Analysis In Power System Engineering Essay

Transient Over Voltages Analysis In Power System Engineering Essay Transient over-voltage is one of main causes for unscheduled interruption in power transmission and distribution systems including a smart grid. A surge over-voltage due to lightning and switching operation results in damages in an electrical power system and often leads to power outages. Predictive calculations of over-voltages generated by the lightning and the switching operation in the transmission and distribution systems are most essential for an economical insulation design and a reliable operation of the transmission and distribution systems. The transient over-voltage can be high frequency, medium frequency or low frequency. The transient over-voltage is dangerous to both lines as well as the connected equipment and may cause damage to the equipment. This project analyzes the transient at the load after switching. This project will discuss about analyzing a transient over-voltages which is the cause and the effect of the transient over-voltages. The method to solve this tran sient over-voltages also been discussed in this project. The PSCAD simulation is used for the transient analysis in this project to design the power system circuits. Problem Statement Voltage transient in Electric Power System appear several disturbances, sometimes very dangerous for the electrical equipment life, for the environment and for the human life. Switching transient phenomena produce in Power Systems over-voltages, over-currents and electrical fields, which havent to neglect. Thus was modeling and simulated the switching transient phenomena, consequently the electric fields and the possible negative influence about electrical equipment, environment and human life. Voltage transient in power system are cause by switching operation, lightning and faults in the system. The over-voltages can be dangerous to both the lines as well as the connected equipment and may cause damage to the equipment. Purpose of this project is to analyze the transient over-voltages at the load and to identify the method to reduce the effect of transient over-voltages. 1.2 Project Objective The objective of this project is as follows: Identify the effect and the cause of transient over-voltages and also the method to solving transient over-voltages. Simulate the transient over-voltages at the load after switching and design the power system circuits by using PSCAD simulation. Analyze the result after switching and after use pre-insertion resistor. 1.3 Project Scope In order to achieve the objective of this project, there are several scopes had been outlined as follows: Analysis on the distribution system. Generating the transient over-voltages waveform by using PSCAD simulation. The analysis is just focusing into transient over-voltages that occur because of the switching capacitor. Chapter 2 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Voltage transients in power systems are caused by switching actions, lightning and faults in the system. Different phenomena create different types of transients. Oscillatory transients are caused mainly by switching phenomena in the network. The most common switching action is capacitor bank switching. The most severe transients are caused by capacitor energizing while capacitor de-energizing only causes a minor transient. Oscillatory transients are characterized by duration, magnitude and spectral content. There are subclasses of oscillatory transients depending on the dominant frequency. In this project it will more focus on switching devices. 2.2 Power System Electric power system is a very important part of the infrastructure of modern society. The power system today is very complex interconnected network. Electric power system is the system that can transform and change the form of the energy into electrical energy and transmit it to consumer. Technology today still cannot store the electricity that has been produced. The electrical energy only produce when needed or it will use after it is produced. As the effect, the management on the electricity becomes hard and difficult. The power system may be subdivided into the four major subsystems which are Generation subsystem, Transmission subsystem, Distribution subsystem and utilize subsystem. Figure 2.1 shows the power system that divided into generation, transmission and distribution. Figure 2.1: The Electric Power System 2.2.1 Generation Subsystem There are two major components in the generation system which is generators and transformers. For generators, an essential component of power systems is the three phase alternating current, ac, generator known as synchronous generator or alternator [1]. The source of the mechanical power, commonly known as the prime mover, may be hydraulic turbines, steam turbines whose energy comes from the burning of coal, gas and nuclear fuel, gas turbines, or occasionally internal combustion engines burning oil [1]. Some alternate sources used are solar power, geothermal power, wind power, tidal power and biomass. The power transformer transfer power with very high efficiency from one level of voltage to another level [1]. The transformer is been used to step up or step down the voltage. Insulation requirements and other practical design problems limit the generated voltage to low value, usually 30 kV. The step up is used for transmission of power. At the receiving end of the transmission lines, step down transformers are used to reduce the voltage to suitable values for distribution or utilization. The electricity in an electric power system may undergo four or five transformations between generator and consumers [1]. 2.2.2 Transmission Subsystem An overhead transmission network transfer electric power from generating units to the distribution system which ultimately supplies the load. It also interconnects neighboring utilities which allow the economic dispatch of power within regions during normal conditions, and the transfer of power between regions during emergencies. The network that interconnected between the utilities and load is called system grid [2]. The transmission line can be categorized into two categories which are high voltage transmission line and sub transmission line system. The difference between these two systems is in the voltage where for the high voltage, the level for transmission line voltage can reach 500kV and for sub transmission are in between 69kV to 138kV. All the transmission will be terminated at the substation [1]. 2.2.3 Distribution Subsystem The distribution system connects the distribution substations to the consumers service-entrance equipment. The voltage for this type of system has been reduced by using step down transformer from 66 kV to 22 kV and below. The secondary distribution network reduces the voltages for utilization by commercial and residential consumers. Lines and cables not exceeding a few hundred feet in length then deliver power to the individual consumers. The secondary distribution serves most of the customers at levels of 240 V for single phase and 415 V for three phases. Distribution systems are both overhead and underground. The growth of underground distribution has been extremely rapid and as much as 70 percent of new residential construction is via underground systems [1]. 2.2.4 Utilization Subsystem The utilities system or power system loads are divided into three main categories which are industrial, commercial and residential. Industrial loads are composite loads and induction motors form a high proportion of these loads [1]. These composite loads are functions of voltage and frequency and form a major part of the system load [1]. On the other hand, commercial and residential loads consist largely of lighting, heating, air conditioning and cooking [1]. These loads are independent of frequency and consume negligibly small reactive power [1]. The load varies throughout the day and power must be available to consumers on demand. The daily-load curve of a utility is a composite of demand made by various classes of users. The greatest value of load during 24 hour period is called the peak or maximum demand [1]. 2.3 Transient Over-voltages Transient is a sudden increase in current or voltage in a circuit that can damage sensitive components and instruments. Transient overvoltages are a voltage peak with a maximum duration of less than one millisecond. It can be high, medium, or low frequency. Transient overvoltages on power system are due to various causes and can be classified into two main categories, external and internal overvoltages [3]. Natural overvoltages on low voltage networks are caused by direct lightning strikes. Lightning is an external overvoltage. The high level of energy contained in a direct lightning strike on a lightning conductor or an overhead low voltage line leads to considerable damage of the installation. The overvoltages can be over 20 times the nominal voltage. Operating or switching overvoltages linked to a networks equipment create overvoltages of a lower level 3 to 5 times the nominal voltage but occur much more frequently, thus causing premature ageing of the equipment. Switching overvol tages is an internal overvoltage. Transient overvoltages are generally oscillatory and take the form of a damped sinusoid. The frequency of these overvoltages may vary from a few hundred Hz to a few kHz and it is governed by the inherent capacitances and inductances of the circuit. 2.2 Switching Capacitor Equipment containing electronic switching components is also likely to generate electrical disturbances comparable to over-voltages. The consequences of which on sensitive equipment, albeit not visible, are no less detrimental: premature ageing and unpredictable or fleeting breakdowns. Operating over-voltages are produced when reactive or capacitive equipment is switched on and off. Furthermore, interrupting factory production, lighting or transformers can generate over-voltages which will themselves cause greater damage to nearby electrical equipment. In general, these over-voltages are caused by transient phenomena which appear when the state of the network is changed by switching operation or fault condition. Example of these over-voltages is switching on and off equipment, such as switching of high voltage reactors and switching of a transformer at no load. The time duration of the switching over-voltages is longer than lightning. This overvoltage is most disastrous to the power system equipments because it happen many time than lightning. Closing, opening, disconnection and re-striking in a power system circuit result in over-voltages six times than the normal voltage. Shunt capacitors banks are common devices used in power system for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation and power factor correction. These capacitors are implemented in the system in order to control system voltage, increase power transfer capability, reduce equipment loading, and reduce energy costs by improving power factor of the system. However, energizing these shunt capacitors produces a transient oscillation in the power systems. Due to the fact that the operation of switching shunt capacitors happens frequently, shunt capacitor switching is regarded as the main source of generating transient voltages on many utility systems. These transients can cause damages on both utility systems and customer systems, depending on the system parameters such as switched shunt capacitor size, transformer size, and the type of customer loads connected to the system. Transient frequencies due to utility distribution capacitor switching usually fall in the range 300 Hz to 1000 Hz. Transient over-voltages which result are usually not of concern to the utility, since peak magnitudes are just below the level in which utility surge protection, such as arresters, begins to operate. However, because of the relatively low frequency, these transients will pass through step-down transformers to customer loads. Secondary over-voltages can c ause voltage magnification or nuisance tripping of adjustable-speed drives. Figure 2.2 show the example of single line diagram of the power system using shunt capacitor. Figure 2.3 show the transient voltage at the switched shunt capacitor. This is the example of the transient in the voltage waveform. Figure 2.4 show the transient voltage at the low voltage capacitor that has been magnetized. Figure 2.2: Example of Single Line Diagram of the Power System Using Shunt Capacitor Figure 2.3: Transient Voltages at the Switched Shunt Capacitor Figure 2.4: Magnified Transient Voltage at the Low Voltage Capacitor 2.3 Pre-Insertion Resistor There are several techniques to mitigation the switching transient in the distribution circuit and one of the techniques that use in this project is pre-insertion resistor. A pre-insertion resistor provides a means for reducing the transient voltages associated with the energization of a shunt capacitor bank. The resistors were connected in series with the controlled capacitor bank to damp the transient inrush current. The resistor is bypassed shortly after the initial transient dissipates, thereby producing second transient event. An additional switch is use to bypass this resistor. The performance of pre-insertion resistor is evaluated using both the insertion and bypass transient magnitudes, as well as the capability to dissipate the energy associated with the event and repeat the event on a regular basis. The size for this resistor was calculated from equation 2.1 and 2.2. The optimum resistor value for controlling capacitor energizing transients depends primarily on the capacito r size and the source strength. The value of the resistor is approximately equal to the surge impedance, Zo, from equation 2.3. R = (2.1) Z = (2.2) Roptimum ≈ Z (2.3) Chapter 3 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction This chapter describes about the step that needed in this project. Figure 3.1 show the block diagram of analysis and figure 3.2 show the flowchart of the process analysis. This block diagram shows the step from the first step of the project which is design the circuit to the final step which is result and analysis. Design Circuit Placing Input and Output Devices Running Simulation Result and Analysis Figure 3.1: The Block Diagram of Analysis In order to get the result from the Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD), the user should follow the step as follow in the Figure 3.2. Figure 3.2: Flowchart of Process Analysis 3.2 Design Circuit This is the process to build up the diagram of the circuit for the analysis. The user need to choose and selecting component from master library and put it in the main page where the user will construct the circuit. There are many components with a different type of setting. The user only need to double click on the component to edit or changes the setting and parameter. Project development consists of two parts electronic and software designs. Figure 3.2 show the three phase source that use in this project. This source impedance is type R because resistor connected series with the source. The source in this project is being controlled through fixed parameter. Figure 3.2: Three Phase Source Figure 3.3 show the three phase transformer that use in this project. The type of the transformer is a three phase and two winding transformer. The transformer is connected in star delta connection. Other characteristic for the transformer in this project is the transformer use to step up the voltage. Figure 3.3: Three Phase Transformer 3.3 Placing Input and Output Devices This process is used to get the measurement, signal and waveform of the graph in selecting part or component. The output device must be placed at the point of measurement before plotting can be done on the drawing space. Without this device, the PSCAD cannot create the plotting and the result cannot be obtained. After the circuit had already been executed and there is no error, the output from the circuit or diagram will be obtained. Figure 3.4 shows some of the output and input devices that used in this project. Figure 3.4: The input and output devices 3.4 Running Simulation After complete all the circuit design and placing input and output device, the user need to run the circuit to get the result. To run the simulation the user only need to click on the run button in the main toolbar. Figure 3.5 show the location of run button at the main toolbar. The run toolbar have a green color. When this button is pressed, PSCAD will go through several stages of processing the circuit before starting the EMTDC simulation. Figure 3.5: The run button at main toolbar During the run time, the work will be compiling by the PSCAD. The result or output only will produce if there is no error in the setting of the circuit in the drawing or all connection is connected. If there is an error, the warning will appear at output space. Once the program is no error and running, the graph and also the measurement will be produce depending on the selected node. The user also able to pause and zoomed the graph. 3.5 Graph Calculation The graph give the certain value to calculated the overshoot, resonant frequency and also the curve can be identified as an overdamped, underdamped or critical damped. Equation 3.1 is use to calculate the overshoot. Equation 3.2 is uses to calculate the resonant frequency, ωo. % OS = -100 (3.1) ωo = (3.2) The curve is overdamped if ÃŽ ± is bigger than ωo, underdamped if ÃŽ ± is smaller than ωo and critically damped if ÃŽ ± is equal to ωo. Equation 3.3 to 3.8 shows the step to get a value of ÃŽ ±. Figure 3.6 shows the example of the series RLC circuit. Figure 3.6: The Series RLC Circuit Equation 3.3 is equation for series RLC circuit. Equation 3.4 and 3.5 is a root for quadratic equation for 3.3. ( 3.3) (3.4) (3.5) The root for equation 3.4 and 3.5 can be express to equation 3.6 and 3.7. (3.6) (3.7) From equation 3.4 and 3.6, the value for damping factor, ÃŽ ±, calculated as equation 3.8. (3.8) Chapter 4 4.0 Expected Result The transient over-voltages that occur at the load during capacitor switching will be discuss base on result at all buses in the circuit that will be design before doing the simulations. The discussion is about the voltage waveform when transient over-voltages occur and voltage waveform when the simulations using pre-insertion resistors to reduce transient over-voltages. The results of waveform at all buses that will be obtain from PSCAD simulation will be discuss in term of peak voltage, overshoot and weather that waveform is overdamped, underdamped or critically damped. Figure 4.1 show the voltage waveform that will get during capacitor switching at all buses. Figure 4.2 show the voltage waveform that will get at all buses after simulate it using pre-insertion resistor. The transient will be reduce after doing the simulation using pre-insertion resistor. Figure 4.1: Transient Over-voltage Waveform at Buses. Figure 4.2: Voltage Waveform at Buses after Pre-Insertion Resistor. Chapter 5 5.0 Conclusion In PSM 1 all the literature review regarding this project are been studied so at the end of PSM 1 it can be summarized that the objectives of the project will be fulfilled in the next PSM 2, which is to design the circuit, running the PSCAD simulations and analyze the result that obtain from the PSCAD simulations in term of peak voltage, overshoot and weather that waveform is overdamped, underdamped or critically damped. This progress will need more commitment and efforts. In conjunction to achieve that, scope and objectives of this project will be the guideline.

Advertising Essays -- business Marketing Advertisisng Essays

Advertising Works Cited Missing "Advertising has developed and supported great industries, bulwarked-"or increased- "entire economies, and changed a sufficient number of human habits" (Wood 3). Like that paragraph says, advertising affects people in what they do and how they do it. It has affected the Kleenex company, the Nylon manufacturers and a company of a new type of car, the Tucker Corporation, from the 1940’s. Advertising has changed due to these people by their ways of making people notice their product. Preston Tucker advertised his new car early, and received many replies on what the car was about; the Nylon company advertised a day in which their product would start selling and the country ran out of stockings to sell; and the Kleenex company used advertising to decide which of two products they should sell. Advertising has different effects on consumers, it changes their perspective on what is, or is not, worth buying; what they buy, when they buy it and how much are bought. Advertising "symboliz es and concentrates in its image all that is considered good and bad in present day commercial and industrial capitalism in America." (Bensman 9). When advertisers plan their strategies for the sale of a certain product, they look at who would use the item. If the product was make-up, the type of person that would use it would most likely be a woman, around the age of thirteen and up. The advertisers would then find an ideal looking woman to model for ads to show the makeup on a person and try to get women to use it. The way that the advertisers describe the model will also get your attention; they might say that she is not really beautiful until she puts on the makeup, or something along those lines. Advertising is an effective method of public relations communication for several reasons. It is economical, making it possible to carry out a public relations message to a large number of readers at a relatively low cost per reader. It can be highly selective and concentrated on a particular segment of the public such as stockholders, suppliers, or opinion leaders. Intensive community coverage may be secured through the use of loc al newspapers, radio, or television advertising. Which will provide enough space to tell a complete story and inform and educate people. The advertiser can control the timing and space given a public relations message by buyin... ...sumer might think twice about the item; though, these days no one really cares who makes the product, just as long as it works. "Three functions of the communication process are to inform, influence, and convince the public. Advertising performs these same functions." (Emery, Ault, Agee 18). What people were looking for in the advertising agencies were the head up over the other products that were out in the market that was similar to what they were trying to sell, so they would see if they could change there product in some way to make it easier to sell. "...if such improvements would give one brand of beverage an advertising or marketing advantage over its competitors, that would be a change worth considering." (Petroski 207). In conclusion, the advertisements of today are far more different, with the computer technologies, it is becoming more and more expensive to get things advertised. Television and radio are more expensive these days. With the different variations of popular products people will just get the cheaper product. Getting your product on the market is not as important as getting it there the cheapest as possible, because people are just looking for bargains. Advertising Essays -- business Marketing Advertisisng Essays Advertising Works Cited Missing "Advertising has developed and supported great industries, bulwarked-"or increased- "entire economies, and changed a sufficient number of human habits" (Wood 3). Like that paragraph says, advertising affects people in what they do and how they do it. It has affected the Kleenex company, the Nylon manufacturers and a company of a new type of car, the Tucker Corporation, from the 1940’s. Advertising has changed due to these people by their ways of making people notice their product. Preston Tucker advertised his new car early, and received many replies on what the car was about; the Nylon company advertised a day in which their product would start selling and the country ran out of stockings to sell; and the Kleenex company used advertising to decide which of two products they should sell. Advertising has different effects on consumers, it changes their perspective on what is, or is not, worth buying; what they buy, when they buy it and how much are bought. Advertising "symboliz es and concentrates in its image all that is considered good and bad in present day commercial and industrial capitalism in America." (Bensman 9). When advertisers plan their strategies for the sale of a certain product, they look at who would use the item. If the product was make-up, the type of person that would use it would most likely be a woman, around the age of thirteen and up. The advertisers would then find an ideal looking woman to model for ads to show the makeup on a person and try to get women to use it. The way that the advertisers describe the model will also get your attention; they might say that she is not really beautiful until she puts on the makeup, or something along those lines. Advertising is an effective method of public relations communication for several reasons. It is economical, making it possible to carry out a public relations message to a large number of readers at a relatively low cost per reader. It can be highly selective and concentrated on a particular segment of the public such as stockholders, suppliers, or opinion leaders. Intensive community coverage may be secured through the use of loc al newspapers, radio, or television advertising. Which will provide enough space to tell a complete story and inform and educate people. The advertiser can control the timing and space given a public relations message by buyin... ...sumer might think twice about the item; though, these days no one really cares who makes the product, just as long as it works. "Three functions of the communication process are to inform, influence, and convince the public. Advertising performs these same functions." (Emery, Ault, Agee 18). What people were looking for in the advertising agencies were the head up over the other products that were out in the market that was similar to what they were trying to sell, so they would see if they could change there product in some way to make it easier to sell. "...if such improvements would give one brand of beverage an advertising or marketing advantage over its competitors, that would be a change worth considering." (Petroski 207). In conclusion, the advertisements of today are far more different, with the computer technologies, it is becoming more and more expensive to get things advertised. Television and radio are more expensive these days. With the different variations of popular products people will just get the cheaper product. Getting your product on the market is not as important as getting it there the cheapest as possible, because people are just looking for bargains.

Racism in Cullens Incident and Soyinkas Telephone Conversation Essay

Racism in Cullen's Incident and Soyinka's Telephone Conversation The poem "Incident," by Countee Cullen, deals with the effect racism has on a young black child vacationing in Baltimore. The child is mistreated by a white child and disturbed in his innocence so much that after spending seven months in Baltimore, this is all he remembers. A different poem, "Telephone Conversation, " by Wole Soyinka, also deals with this issue, but from a different perspective. In this poem a man is trying to rent an apartment but the owner of the complex doesn’t want him to move in because he is African. She asks him "How dark? Are you light / Or very dark?. " Each black person in their respective poems deals with the prejudice in the best way they know how. The way they handle it shines a light on the strength and wisdom gained, while casting a negative light on the ignorance broadcast from the racist people. In America at the time "Incident" takes place, people were very much againstthe black population. This was also the case in England where "Telephone Conversation takes place, only not as much so. The white child in Incident has obviously been taught to hate or look down on this race of people. He will probably grow up to be as closed-minded and ignorant as the woman in "Telephone Conversation." It is probable that the woman in "Telephone Conversation" was taught this from her youth as well, although the poem doesn t specify this. It is also possible that it is a decision she made on her own. She is older, however, and should know better. The black man in ... ...e and identity insulted is a horrible thing, but to be able to stand strong inside yourself and know who you are is true strength and displays a sense of true wisdom. Though the young boy in "Incident" couldn't realize this at his young age, it can be assumed that he eventually did and became confident enough to write about it. These two poems show a chronology of strength and wisdom gained from the black child through the black man, and also a chronology of ignorance and racism gained from the white child through the white woman. These poems fit together greatly and each intends to send the same message, only from different perspectives. A great message about strength in one's own identity can be gained from reading each individually, but if you read them together you can really see the importance of the message intended. Racism in Cullen's Incident and Soyinka's Telephone Conversation Essay Racism in Cullen's Incident and Soyinka's Telephone Conversation The poem "Incident," by Countee Cullen, deals with the effect racism has on a young black child vacationing in Baltimore. The child is mistreated by a white child and disturbed in his innocence so much that after spending seven months in Baltimore, this is all he remembers. A different poem, "Telephone Conversation, " by Wole Soyinka, also deals with this issue, but from a different perspective. In this poem a man is trying to rent an apartment but the owner of the complex doesn’t want him to move in because he is African. She asks him "How dark? Are you light / Or very dark?. " Each black person in their respective poems deals with the prejudice in the best way they know how. The way they handle it shines a light on the strength and wisdom gained, while casting a negative light on the ignorance broadcast from the racist people. In America at the time "Incident" takes place, people were very much againstthe black population. This was also the case in England where "Telephone Conversation takes place, only not as much so. The white child in Incident has obviously been taught to hate or look down on this race of people. He will probably grow up to be as closed-minded and ignorant as the woman in "Telephone Conversation." It is probable that the woman in "Telephone Conversation" was taught this from her youth as well, although the poem doesn t specify this. It is also possible that it is a decision she made on her own. She is older, however, and should know better. The black man in ... ...e and identity insulted is a horrible thing, but to be able to stand strong inside yourself and know who you are is true strength and displays a sense of true wisdom. Though the young boy in "Incident" couldn't realize this at his young age, it can be assumed that he eventually did and became confident enough to write about it. These two poems show a chronology of strength and wisdom gained from the black child through the black man, and also a chronology of ignorance and racism gained from the white child through the white woman. These poems fit together greatly and each intends to send the same message, only from different perspectives. A great message about strength in one's own identity can be gained from reading each individually, but if you read them together you can really see the importance of the message intended.

capital punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Australia Changes its Position on the Death Penalty On 16 February 2003 the Australian PM said in a Sunday morning television interview that the Bali bombers â€Å"should be dealt with in accordance with Indonesian law. †¦and if [the death penalty] is what the law of Indonesia provides, well, that is how things should proceed. There won’t be any protest from Australia†.[1] In early March 2003 the PM told US television that he would welcome the death penalty for Osama Bin Laden. â€Å"I think everybody would†, Mr Howard said.[2] In response to these comments: "Foreign Minister Alexander Downer said Australia would not intervene if bin Laden was to be executed. 'I personsally have never supported the death penalty buit int he case of Osama bin Laden, I don't think that too many years would be shed if he was executed, bearing in mind all the people he's responsible for killing." [3] These comments mark a significant change in Australia’s attitude to the death penalty and a further weakening of Australia’s commitment to international human rights standards. Australia’s longstanding position Australia has traditionally taken a strong principled stand against capital punishment. In 1986 diplomatic relations with Malaysia were strained when Australia protested the execution of two Australians, Kevin Barlow and Brian Chambers. The then Australian Prime Minister, Bob Hawke, went so far as to describe the death penalty as â€Å"barbaric†. In October 1990 Australia acceded to the Second Opt...

Modern Version of Romeo and Juliet Movie with Leonard Di Caprio Essay

Old stories get forgotten unless they are rejuvenated for the young. In the media world of today, books are forgotten and so is classical love. Romeo and Juliet with Leonardo de caprio was a fabulous attempt at bringing literature and drama back to life and into the hearts of the youth today. The first aspect of modernization is to portray the families as rich business tycoons of today’s world: Montagues and Capulets. The styling of the men especially, the chic haircuts and clothes are not only modern but in fact futuristic. This is most apparent in the guns, the shining metal and flash of silver cannot be forgotten. The fights between the two gangs take place at common place venues of today, that is gas stations. The cars are also futuristic. The letter that Romeo does not respond to is a by a well known courier service. â€Å"There are times when the rapid cuts and raging soundtrack might cause understandable confusion between the movie and a rock video. Indeed, with all the camera tricks, special effects (such as a roiling storm), and riotous splashes of color, it’s easy to lose the story in the style† (Berardinelli, 1996). The flush-cut editing and fast-moving scenes and actions contribute further to giving the movie a futuristic feel removing it far from the classic ballad it is. Much of the decor, for example, the aquarium wall, through which Romeo and Juliet first eye each other, is very modern in its architecture and idea. Such interiors never existed in the days of Shakespeare and neither is there any mention in the script. What makes the movie striking is the juxtaposition of old English style, rendered flawlessly and emotionally by the actors, with this modern, futuristic treatment, This juxtaposition is what makes Shakespeare’s work speak to the modern teenager, which was the main objectivce of the movie. References Berardinelli, J. Fil Review, Retrieved on 2nd June 2010 from http://www. reelviews. net/movies/r/romeo_juliet. html

Imagery in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

What Mark Twain is trying to portray in this part of, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is that Boggs is plainly looking for trouble, and Colonel Sherburn is as well. In this part of the book, Boggs comes galloping along on his horse, to town where he wants to kill Sherburn. His motto, â€Å"meat first, and spoon vittles to top off on† (107) is referring to him killing Colonel Sherburn and then eat him up in a sense of having pride that Boggs defeated someone. When I was reading this part of the novel, I pictured Boggs as a mid-aged, really large man. Also, the book said he had a really red face so it made me picture him getting out of breath easy. Losing his breath foreshadowed a bit to me that he was the one that was going to be defeated, being â€Å"weak†. As Boggs was trying to act strong and brave, it turned out that Sherburn was the brave one, I pictured. Sherburn seemed like he just walked out of the store in Arkansas in a brave matter, with no care in the world after he gave that speech. Colonel Sherburn seemed sick of Boggs running his mouth, and so he shot Boggs multiple times. The word â€Å"bang!† kept appearing in this chapter, and it showed me how Sherburn wanted to do what he thought was necessary, though he was frustrated a bit. What really caught my eye was when they were trying to keep Boggs alive, and they put a Bible over his chest and under his head. This made sense that they thought, through their religion, that that could help Boggs out and that the Holy Spirit would bring him back to life, but unfortunately they did not. When first reading this, chills were brought to me with the smell of really fresh air and the sound of huffing and puffing as Boggs kept gasping for that sweet air.

The Personal Network Solutions Division of Sony

Sony, â€Å"Manufactures, markets and sells consumer and professional audio and video equipment, telecommunication products, computer and peripheral products, recording media and energy products, semiconductors and other electronic components.† (sony.com) It is a very broad company that operates in many different business areas. The focus of this assessment is centered on the personal network solutions division of Sony. Personal Network Solutions Co. (PNSC) Handycam ® and Digital Handycam Camcorders Digital Mavica ® and Cyber-shot cameras Glasstron ® audio/video eyeware Online photo service â€Å"Image StationSM† Memory Stick ®digital media products VAIO ® (Video Audio Integrated Operation) personal computers Trinitron ® computer displays CLIÉ ® handheld device Sony operates in five business units. The computer and digital media devices both fall under the same unit at Sony. Sony does have the benefit of many business strengths. The most notable of which is its business name. Sony products have a reputation for being â€Å"before their time† as far as the features many of them have. Many Sony products demand a premium price for being such a technological masterpiece. Sony has continued to use this premium price scale in its computer line as well. By doing so it prices itself out of the value or budget line that many consumers seek. Sony has a reputation for producing high quality electronic devices and has also developed a loyal customer base. Sony is able to gain customers from an early age with its video game systems PS One and PS 2. Sony could feed off of this and make these customers attracted for life. Sony products are always on the cutting edge of technology. Sony has always pushed the envelope on design and cannot stop if it hopes to remain an electronic powerhouse. Sony hopes to expand its electronic market with the recent introduction of its CLIE† PDA or personal digital assistant. Competitors of Sony†s have dominated this area and now it should be able to compete. As with most companies, where there is strength, there is also weakness. This is definitely true at Sony with its biggest weakness being its inability to distribute its high end products as quickly as the market is demanding them. This was very evident during this past Christmas when Sony released the before mentioned Playstation 2. Demand was so high for this product that it is just now available in the stores as production and distribution has met up with demand. It did not help that there was a defect in the first shipment of the machines to the US and many who had to wait in long lines ended up with useless devices and had to wait until more arrived to have theirs replaced. Being on the cutting edge of the technology field makes opportunities always around the corner. However the work must be done to make it to the corner. Sony puts the needed resources into its research and development of all of its products. Without a doubt, Sony produces some of the most high quality electronic devices in the world. Now it would like to do the same thing in the computer market. Sony first started producing consumer pc†s in the mid 90†³s. Since then it has concentrated primarily on the consumer pc and especially the smaller format or laptop version of the pc. This represents a definite opportunity with which Sony could gain even more of the consumer electronic market. As with all companies there are many threats, which must be considered when conducting business. Some of these threats come from outside the company as some of them come from within. One such outside threat is that of the United States economy. Consumers are much less likely to make major purchases, such as a new computer, during times of economic trouble. While control of the entire economy is out of the hands of Sony, it can make some changes to assure that economic trouble does not completely cause the company to shut down. Sony is also entering an area of electronic business that they are not as familiar with. All electronic products eventually become obsolete. The computer sales market is one electronic area that is very time volatile. Newer, faster computers are always being released. Sony has for a long time operated in electronic business that has not been as technology and time sensitive. Current market conditions for Sony are not where it would like for them to be and are not at levels seen in past years. Much like other technology companies, Sony is in a transition period in which it is trying to find its permanent location in all markets. Sony has a main goal of staying ahead of the competition as all electronic devices enter the digital age. Current Conditions and Alternatives Sony†s current market emphasis is based on offering a consumer driven product line with some business products available in various markets. Sony has not been able to keep up with other computer specific companies in the areas of business applications. â€Å"I don†t recommend any Sony products [to business users] since they don†t have the infrastructure to match a Dell or a Toshiba or a Compaq,† says Ken Dulaney, vice president mobile computing at Gartner Group. â€Å"Their products are more applicable for consumers; they don†t work with businesses.† Sony may not be able to match the competing computer companies on the basis of size, however it is able to compete in terms of quality and technology. Many of the features available on a consumer pc's are not available on business pc†s. Sony could remove some of the more ‘neat† features that its pc†s have and develop a line that would better suit a business application. There is no way to gain a full understanding of how the Internet and access to it has changed the way computers are used and designed. Computers today are much more advanced that those purchased only a few years ago. For those reasons, companies who had previously been involved in computer markets have had to change the way in which it manufactured machines. Sony has the benefit of being fairly new to the computer business and an understanding of the need to adapt to changing broadband technology. CEO Nobuyuki Idei stated, â€Å"What we are and will be is a broadband entertainment company,† in his 1999 vision of the company. Even though there have been some management changes the desire to stay on top of broadband entertainment is still present at Sony. (pcworld.com, surprises, 1) â€Å"Every chance he gets, the 62-year-old Idei spreads the word about Sony's future as an Internet company: Everything from the venerable Walkman to the popular PlayStation game console will soon connect to the Web.†(businessweek.com, Slump at Sony, 1) With new technology always around the corner, Sony must continue its current plan of being a broadband company. Sony has many new products in use today that take advantage of technological advances that have previously been unseen. For Sony to remain a leading edge electronic company it must continue with current company plans. There are many possible alternatives in which Sony can and should pursue. Many of the alternatives are time based and could not be made immediately. However, as Sony is well aware, to compete in an industry that is constantly changing, you, yourself have to be able to make changes as well. Sony could focus the majority of its attention to the cash cow it current has in the video and electronic market. This of course would be its Playstation 2 video game system. This system has already sold over 10 million units and Sony currently expects to sell 20 million in the 01-02 fiscal year due to increase in the production speed of the system. Sony will soon be seeing a new competitor enter the market of its video game system. Microsoft will be releasing it†s own version of a video game system that has many critics panting. Many believe that the new system by Microsoft will be the biggest direct competition in the video game field for Sony since it has entered the field. There is a huge demand in the computer field for compatibility of products. Sony has made it possible for several of its computer products to use the same format of small removable memory. Better know as the Memory Stick, the chewing gum sized ‘card† has ability to store both music and video on a single card. Thus the card can be used in Sony†s video camera line; it†s VAIO line of personal pc†s as well as the long time favorite, Walkman music device. It would also be possible for Sony to enter the business computer field of the market. Although there is definite competition in this market, Sony has the technology in its research and development department to make the business machines fly. The only downfall to this idea is the fact that Sony products are so highly sought after for the ‘neat† features that it†s products posses. To remove features from its current line to make them affordable to the business field would be an image-changing move. Sony products demand a premium price that business customers cannot afford to pay for. Sony joined the major players in the computer business with the introduction of it†s VAIO Direct website where consumers can purchase computers directly from the company. Although not as fully customizable as other companies† computers, Sony still allows the user to make some changes that defiantly affect the performance and function of the machine. Along with this Sony could expand it†s variety of computer uses to include specific areas or markets. The company has already shown its ability to manufacture a top level gaming system for the home. Why could it not take what it has learned from this development and manufacture a gaming specific line of computers that was easily upgradeable as new computer technology becomes available? Along with the gaming pc, there are other areas that could benefit from specifically designed products. For a long time the Apple computer has been the choice for those interested in making movies on the computer. With Sony†s ever increasing line of video cameras and accessories, it is only logical for it to create a movie specific line of pc. Computer design companies pay large prices for computers that are capable of running memory intensive design software. Sony could enter this market with a product designed specifically for the computer drafter. Many believe the next explosion of use for the computer will come in the automobile industry. As time goes by more and more automobiles are incorporating a type of computer into the vehicle. This unit does basic functions such as check e-mail and assist with driving directions. Sony could join efforts with its audio development division to produce an affordable and effective automobile pc. Sony is a world leader in the electronic business. It is new to the field of personal computers. Sony has used its past experience to set up a basis for operation in the computer business. There are some changes that it must make if it wants to remain in the computer business however. Sony should continue with its current plan of producing consumer pc†s and try to avoid the general business market. Consumer pc†s vary from those of business pc†s in both features and price. Sony would have to remove features from its computers while at the same time dropping the price to make them an affordable business option. This decision would change the image of Sony computers from a feature packed, top of the line computer, to one resembling the mainstream computers. Sony should also enter the market specific computer business with models available in three different fields: movie making, drafting, and gaming. With these market specific pc†s, Sony could still include all of the features that make its computers enjoyable to own while adding necessary hardware or software to enable them to meet the specific demands of each field. Most specifically, Sony should definitely create a computer designed with the computer gamer in mind. Sony has reached millions of children with the production of the Playstation line of home video game systems. From here, it should continue with a computer for the children to use as they grow up. The unit should be easily upgradeable but feature all necessary parts from the beginning. With its strong brand recognition, this would, in tern, help in the sales of all Sony electronic products. Sony has made a major advance in its distribution methods of its computers. With the opening of the VAIO Direct website, Sony gave its consumers the ability to customize computers to some extent. The competition of Sony allows its customers to fully customize its computers. If Sony wants to remain at the forefront of the computer business, it must allow the machine to be adapted to specific uses. Much like the customized computers for various markets, Sony must also make its normal computers customizable to the average consumer. This variety in design will help Sony receive the premium prices that it has demanded in the past for its top-notch products.

Sarbanes-Oxley’s Act: Article Summary

The article â€Å"Congress Should Repeal Sarbanes-Oxley Act† by William Niskannen discusses reasons and arguments why the law should be annulled. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOA) was passed, in 2002 and was considered a response to the collapse of Enron and other corporations with similar problems. Nevertheless, the author views this act as inadequate, harmful and unnecessary. Firstly, the act is viewed as unnecessary because â€Å"the stock exchanges had already implemented most of the SOA changes in the rules of corporate governance in their new listing standards†. p. 12) In other words, Exchange Commission is provided with full authority to enforce and to approve all accounting rules and standards, as well as to control financial statements of their firms. Furthermore, Department of Justice is able to prosecute executives for frauds associated with securities, stocks and bonds. The author claims that Public company Accounting Oversight Boards isn’t useful as it ha s no authorities to regulate remaining independent public auditors. Secondly, the law is viewed as harmful because it â€Å"substantially increases the risks of serving as a corporate officer or director†. (p. 13) The author means that SOA may serve more foreign and small firms, rather than stocks on American exchange. For example, the law suggests banning of loans to corporate officers and it leads to elimination of one of the most effective tools of executive compensation. In such a way, the act reduces incentives of directors and corporate executives to receive legal advice. Finally, the act is viewed as inadequate because it has proved to fail problems of accounting, taxation, corporate governance and auditing. In such a way, SOA increase the risk of bankruptcy. I think that the question whether SOA is effective or should be repealed is rather controversial. On the one hand, it cares for of foreign firms and small businesses, as well as fails to respond to auditing and taxing problems. On the other hand, it is designed as rescue program after Enron scandal. Its goal is to restore reputation and public trust in corporate sector in the USA.

Human resource management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human resource management - Dissertation Example However, the ability of an individual to perceive change goes beyond mastering new principles while maintaining productivity in the face of new policies and technologies. The personal disposition of an employee plays a crucial role in successfully adopting changes implemented. Psychologists are clear on the differences in personality and how they affect working skills and managerial skills (Brunstein 2001, p.83). Individual characters are indeed beyond the scope of the company; however, the company can maintain these diverse characters for the smooth running and subsequent integration of employees in the course of a change. An employee’s motivation and morale are crucial to the productivity of a company. Motivation and morale can be high or low as a result of a change. External or internal locus of control will determine the modes of motivation necessary for the individual to be productive. In light of this, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation will determine the success of chan ges in a company. The leadership of a company is responsible in ensuring that proposed changes appear in a positive light. Therefore, the personality of the individual at the position of leadership will determine the interpretation of the changes (Brewster 2012, p.108). Interpretation of changes in a company also relies on the perceptual capabilities of not only the persons in leadership but also of the subordinates. Perception is dependent on the level of education of an individual, their personality types, and their level of motivation. In retrospect, the success of change implementation can be at the disposal of individual employees in which case their failure to be integrated can result in the failure of the company to integrate change (Clark 2000, p.41). Research question: Is the slow integration or failure thereof of a new policy, strategy or technology in an institution dependent on failure of the system or on the individual’s ability to integrate and, therefore, confo rm to change? Is the individual motivated or demotivated by change and how do they perceive change? What is the managerial level perception and interpretation of change? Change is necessary for the effective running of an organisation (Handy 1996, p.70). The mangers perception of change: a â€Å"good† leader does not impose changes. Managers do is to trust that the workforce is capable of navigating its way around huddles caused by the change. After interpreting the requirements of change and providing the necessary equipment and policies that come with it, they retire to their managerial cocoons. This is not an expert thing, but the autonomy the manager entrusts the workers at this point is crucial to the running of the organisation. The organisation’s ability to cope with change has no universal formula (Handy 1996, p.72) because pressure arising from change affects organisations differently. In the same way, individuals do not react the same way to change, but their collective reactions will determine the course of change in an organisation. The desire for individuals to take personal responsibility for their careers is apparent in the current working trends. Individuals advance their education when they get jobs for the sake of promotions. People now pay interest in the running of organisations they work for

Baroque Style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Baroque Style - Research Paper Example The Taking of Christ, painting by Caravaggio, represents Baroque style as well. The story of the painting is interesting, because for a long time it was attributed to another artist. It was painted at the beginning of the 17th century for Mattei family. It was known that the painting existed but its location was not known. When it was found and examined in Dublin, it became apparent that it truly belongs to Caravaggio’s hand, because it was characterized by the features that typically belonged to the painter’s style: â€Å"bright highlights, dark sharp shadows, and a black background† (Caravaggio Gallery, 2013) One technique that Caravaggio often used in his paintings is the use of the back of his brush to highlight or outline parts. It is also present at the painting. The sharp contrast between light and dark characteristic for Caravaggio, is outstanding here. The artist took Biblical story as the base for The Taking of Christ – betrayal of Christ by Juda s and his taking by the Roman soldiers. There are seven figures at the painting. It is interesting to see how the expressions of their faces are different. Jesus is calm and peaceful, He knows about what He needs to go through, and He is ready for that. In contrast to Jesus, the face of St. John shows pain and distress. The disciple is shocked by what is going on. The face of Judas is seemingly calm as he is kissing the cheek of Christ and thus betrays him. Therhe man with the lantern, is believed to be the self-portrait of Caravaggio himself.

Globalization of English (Rhetorical Analysis) Essay

Globalization of English (Rhetorical Analysis) - Essay Example There is also a host of many other scholars who share the same opinion with different reasons. People are increasingly using English all over the world as the primary language, especially in the business settings. This number of people using the English language as a linguistic of communication has been on the rise over the decades. There are indeed three genres of population who use English. The first being native English speakers for whom English is their mother tongue and most widely used language. As a matter of fact, many people in Europe and the Americas know only English and no other language. The second classes of people are people for whom English is a second or working language (not their mother tongue) and it is this segment of the world’s population who have been responsible for the propagation and dissemination of business English. The third class is people for whom English is a foreign language over which they have little if no command. The use of the English language has been spread all over and the growth seems exponential owing to the fact that it is considered an international language. This means the world has accepted that the use of English in its indulgence is inevitable and therefore individuals are trying their best to get a mastery of the language. The fact remains that business English has proliferated because of the efforts of globalization and the spread of UK and American cultures throughout the globe. Europeans have been very enterprising and innovative business people willing to take calculated risks and through colonization, the propagation and spread of English through schools and other educational places have been assured. In most parts of the globe, English medium schools are in great demand and many convents profess and inculcate English values and language systems throughout their currency. The main challenges are that most people now tend to neglect their own native languages at the cost of English and also there are

Comparison of Two Types of Operational Budgets Assignment

Comparison of Two Types of Operational Budgets - Assignment Example Alternatively, variable costs can be stated as cost of every unit activity measure. Actual activity measures are then fed into the model after the accounting period. After this, the flexible budget is updated automatically by the variable costs. The resultant flexible budget is ten entered into the accounting system in order for comparisons to be made. These comparisons produce variances more relevant than those produced under a static budget. These variances are especially because the expenses involved are based on an activity. This accounts for the small variances registered in this comparison than those registered under static budget. Flexible budget can range across levels of sophistication. In basic flexible budget, alterations are recorded where there is a direct variation between certain expenses and revenues (Hope & Fraser, 2003). Under intermediate flexible budget, there are certain expenditures that will change with other activity measures and not with revenue. Advanced flexible budget deals with expenditures that vary only at given ranges of other activities and revenue. Master budget is a planning document that brings together all the budgets. It matches the beginning of a company’s fiscal year and be organized in quarters or months. The operating and financial budgets are the two parts of a master budget. It helps in judging the performance of company and its centers. The management makes modifies the master budget until it allocates funds to all set goals. Direct labor, direct materials, sales, manufacturing overhead and production are some of the budgets that show on a master budget (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). After preparation, the master budget is fed into the accounting system and financial reports are generated. Comparisons are then drawn between actual results and the budgeted amounts. There are spreadsheets that can help produce master budgets but they can have errors. A master budget appears