How to reflate France’s economy Essay

Introduction There are two different ways to help France’s economy get back on track. They are austerity and growth. Austerity programs consist in a set of policies established by governments in financial debt difficulties. These policies aim to reduce spending for public goods and services. (Example in France, with president Sarkozy, approximately 150.000 civil servants were fired, this decreased the amount of money used to pay civil servants in France, which in turn, made it possible to run the country without having to borrow as much money). Growth programs consist in increasing the GDP and spending money, to reflate the economy. Of course this money has to come from somewhere, so growth programs often include imposing a lot of taxes. (Example in France, with president Hollande, taxes were imposed on bank profits, and taxes on the richest part of the population were increased). Economists are very divided on this subject, and both of theoretically work; it depends of the situation we are in. Economic Program Austerity is a short term solution only; a country’s economy cannot rely on it forever. This is why as a president; it would be good to start by making the debt of France smaller, then using this to our advantage, and Firstly, we have to make France more competitive. To do this, we will change the work time of the French, and their minimum age of retirement. Today, the French work on a minimum basis of 35 hours per week, and retire at a minimum age of 60. To make France more competitive, we will change these to 40 hours, and an age of 64. The average life span keeps on rising thanks to better health care; it would only go well for the economy if people were to work a few years more, because there would be less to pay for people who work. The 40 hours will be payed the same, because if there were the same amount of workers in a company but all of them had to be payed more, the company in question would either lose money in paying them, or fire a part of them. To increase competitivity, we have to make the price of production in France lower, so that fewer companies send their production in China for example. To do so, we have to lower the national insurance contribution payed by the employer to pay his workers in France. Products that are made in France will therefore be more expensive because the workers are payed in France than in China for example. To counter this, we will add a tax on products (depending on the price of the product) made in countries that have very cheap labor. (China, Vietnam, Turkey, Thailand, etc†¦) This will bring part of the production back to France, and the loss of money in the lowering of the national insurance contribution will be compensated by the tax. Next, we will reduce the salaries of the ministers and the president. The salaries of the ministers is now of 9940 euros (Under president Hollande), which will be reduced by 30%, leaving them with 6660 euros per month. The salary of the president is now of 14 910 euros (Under president Hollande); it will be reduced by 40%, leaving the president with 8950 euros per month. We would also stop having mayors in every single city, and do like in the U.S.A, which is to instate a governor for each department. This governor would be in charge of all the cities in his department, and when a decision is to be made, 20 inhabitants of the department will be called, to hold a â€Å"committee† and make the decision. It will be a duty, which means the inhabitants will have to go. This will help the economy, as there will be only one person to pay per department, and not dozens of mayors, it also gives a â€Å"voice† to the citizens in decision making. There are many people who are unemployed in France (10%) and receive unemployment benefit for a very long time, without trying to find work. As this does not motivate them to find one because they receive money without doing anything, we will keep on giving this unemployment benefit, but only for 2 months, the time for them to find work. This reform will motivate them to find work, this way they will be productive, therefore helping a company or industry to grow, and money will not be wasted. This change will of course also make unemployment decrease. Small companies are very important to the economy, as they might end up as the next multinationals, but they are heavily taxed, which makes them very hard for them to grow. If we make these taxes smaller, people would be encouraged to start their own companies, and this will create employment. Small companies that are already created will grow faster, and will create jobs, which will make the company itself more productive. These jobs will be there for the population receiving unemployment benefit. There will be a loss if we just relieve taxes on small companies, so we will compensate this by taxing bigger companies, which have already emerged, because they will not be affected by a tax as much as a small company. (The tax in question will not be too strong; it will just be enough to compensate for the loss in the tax relief on smaller companies) Education is a very important part of the French economy. Schools are here to â€Å"train† the future generations of workers. Access to education is free today in France, but the quality of this education is sometimes questionable. Firstly, there are not enough professors in the schools. It is logical that if there were to be one professor for 25 students, the quality of the education they would receive would be better than today, where we have in average one professor for 30 students. To compensate this lack of professors in schools, we will create 12000 jobs for professors in school; this will make the student/professor ratio smaller, which will increase the quality of the education received. To become a professor, you have to be â€Å"trained† two years in a university. This is not enough, considering the disciplinary problems in some schools. Professors should have 3 years of complete training, which would include a deeper disciplinary course, teaching methods, etc†¦ The principal sectors of production of France are agriculture, energy, tourism, trade and industry (France is one of the first industrial powers worldwide). Mass market retailing is choking the sector of trade, as it attracts the clients of little traders and makes mass profit out of it; it also allows itself to buy products at very low prices from producers (Farmers in the case of a supermarket). To resolve this problem, we would add a tax on products bought in mass market retailing services, which would bring clients back to the little traders, so that they don’t die out. Little trades do not buy products as low priced as supermarkets do, which would make money for producers. In the case of a supermarket, the trade and agriculture sector would both benefit from this tax. A French household produces in average 16.4 tons of Co2 every year; this is far too much. To avoid this, and preserve the environment, a tax will be imposed on households that end the year with more than 16 tons; of course this number will decrease every year to improve the given results. Renewable energies provide 13% of the electricity needed in France, nuclear energy provides 76% and fossil fuels provide 11%. We would invest in research for renewable energies (Hydro-energy, wind energy, solar energy), and close down the most risky nuclear reactors. (For example the 4 reactors in Blayais, Braud-et-Saint-Louis, which are not very productive and are very old and unsafe). Conclusion As a president, I would go towards austerity first, to reduce the debt of France, and to have more possibilities in my actions later. France is already in a dangerous situation, and going into a politic of growth would be spending too much money that we don’t have (Which is why I chose austerity as a short term solution), and it would be too much, France would go into a recession. After a period of austerity (Which means: after having reduced the debt), I would have gone in a politic of growth, which would have thrown France’s economy back on track.

Sonnet 18

Explication of â€Å"A Summer’s Day† Shakespeare establishes his theme by shifting procreational beauty to the idea of immortalized beauty. Shakespeare's use of personification, literal meanings, and metaphors enables him to illustrate his compassion in the idea of immortality. In Sonnet 18 Shakespeare uses personification heavily in giving objects human qualities to reflect establish mortality in his muse. Doing so, helps the reader relate to the object to life and death.The first instance of personification is in the first quatrain , Shakespeare writes, â€Å"Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,† meaning â€Å"Winds choke the lovely buds with hands of May†. On the first quatrain Shakespeare writes, â€Å"And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date:†(4). In this line Shakespeare is referring to Summer being too short. By this personification on the first quatrain, Shakespeare conveys the depth of his affection towards his love inte rest by giving a descriptive metaphor about his beloved comparing her to something intangible as a â€Å"Summer day† or â€Å"Lovely buds† being more beautiful than nature.He creates a life in words with the personification. In the second quatrain, Shakespeare writes, â€Å"Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,†(5). He uses the reference of â€Å"Eye of heaven† to convey the idea of the sky being a face with the sun becoming the eye. On the next line Shakespeare writes, â€Å"And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;†(6). In this line Shakespeare describes how clouds often go behind clouds. In this line Shakespeare illustrates how intense his love for his beloved yet, nature can get in the way of love such as clouds or mortality.In Sonnet 18, those whom are unfamiliar with the writing of Shakespeare may think or feel they have to decipher what they’re reading. In some instances this is true, but not for all. This is where literal meanings play an important role in understanding some important ideas. In the second quatrain, Shakespeare says, â€Å"And every fair from fair sometime declines,†(7). This is saying almost exactly what it sounds like, everything beautiful will sometime be lost. On the couplet, Shakespeare writes, â€Å"So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,†(13).In this he is referring to his love being everlasting as if his writing is forever cemented as people continue to read and live. Shakespeare uses metaphors to create an effect that gives his writing an eloquence, while such effects are also used in his prose. First quatrain, Shakespeare writes, â€Å"Thou art more lovely and more temperate:† In this he’s saying you are more lovely and more constant, in comparison to a summer’s day. In quatrain 2, Shakespeare says, â€Å"By chance or nature’s changing course umtrimm’d†(8).Shakespeare is referring to death as a misfortune, or by na ture’s planned course. In the third quatrain, Shakespeare writes, â€Å"By thy eternal summer shall not fade†(9). The idea here is your youth will not fade. The very next line, â€Å"Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;†(10), This line is saying nor will you lose the beauty that you possess. In the last line of the third quatrain, Shakespeare writes, â€Å"When in eternal lines to time thou growest:†(12), this line is saying because in my eternal work you will live forever, thus, giving the poem immortality.Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 to challenges age and time and, thus, becomes everlasting, conveying the beauty of the fair youth down to expected generations through his words. Shakespeare attempts to compare this person to summer, yet summer could never be as magnificent or consistent. The beloved in Shakespeare’s view could never grow old or ugly and death could not even destroy this fair youth. This notion of beauty being immortalized in the poem.Whether it be written through personification, literal meanings or metaphors, Shakespeare always seemed to convey his ideas through his works. The idea of surviving or giving someone eternal life though literary works is genius. Sonnet 18 is about someone Shakespeare loves, that is immortalized in this Sonnet. The line the concretes the idea of immortality is â€Å"So long as men can breathe or eyes can see/ So long lives this and this gives life to thee. †(13-14)

My First Day in College Essay

One day, while I was laying peacefully on my bed, my mother came in with a letter from Florida A&M University. I didn’t really want to speculate anything because a few days before I received a letter from another college saying that I wasn’t accepted. Nevertheless I was still excited when I opened it and even more so when I read that I had been accepted. So without much hesitation I packed up and headed to Tallahassee. When I arrived my mother and I took care of registration and a plethora of things you have to manage as a new student. After all the hassles of college registration were completed my mother departed for home and I was left by myself to attend college. What a great feeling! Little did I know what I had on store for the next day, my first in college. The time was around 6:30 am, my alarm rang and it suddenly hit me that I’m now in college. I got out of bed a little earlier than I normally would have to because I knew nothing more than which classes that I was supposed to attend. As I prepare myself for a day of school I noticed my roommate’s door was open. I went asked him a little about the bus situation, he told me that I should just walk in the morning because the bus isn’t that reliable at times. That later turned out to be very true, I have taken the bus to school since I’ve been here at FAMU. So I began walking to class but as I walked I saw a few people waiting for the bus and I started to question my roommates theory about the bus, yet I kept walking toward campus. As I get to campus I’m in complete and utter dismay because I knew what my class schedule was but I didn’t actually know where the classes were. So as I walk pondering on where to go I happen to see a building that says housing. I walk into the building and luckily there was someone there. I look on my schedule and asked where the building was of what I thought was my first class. One of the gentlemen took me outside and showed me the building. I thank him sincerely and went about my way. I walked all the way to the building and sat down because I noticed that I had a little time before the class started. I just happen to take look at my schedule again and I noticed that the class that I’m actually waiting for is my second class. At this point I’m very upset with myself because I asked  for the wrong class. So I walked reluctantly back to the housing office hoping that they would help me again. As I walked back I’m thinking to myself â€Å"I hope they’re not too busy to help me†. When I get back into the office luckily it was a different person there so I ask them were this building was. She told me but she was very unclear and I wasn’t sure what she was talking about. Her almost exact statement was â€Å"It’s near the gym†. I wasn’t sure if the gym had rooms in it or what. So as I go toward the gym and a guy asks me where a class was, I say with a confused look on my face â€Å"I don’t know† so he asked somebody else and they helped him out. At one point it sounded like we had the same class so I followed him. This class was actually in the gym, so I stood there for a while and I overheard somebody saying that it was an aerobics class so I left in search of my class yet again. Next I leave that class to find somebody else to help me out a little. I find someone and although he was very vague on giving directions also I managed to find the class. Remarkably I still managed to make it to the class on time. Finally I took a seat and the instructor started speaking. I realized that the person who is speaking isn’t even the instructor of that class, she was out that day. So the substitute hands out the syllabus and an overview of chapter one. All in all I’d say I spent 15 minutes in that class. Thinking back, I had spent more than 15 minutes just searching for the class. As I walked toward my other class I realize that my two trips to housing where actually a good thing, because I already knew where this class was. In this class I had a very interesting teacher. He was a very loquacious man and said he didn’t write anything down on the board nor did he repeat anything, so you had to get it right the first time. After about 45 minutes of that it was time for me to go home. So walked back to my room and took a well deserved nap. That concluded my first day at FAMU. Overall this university is a great place to further your education although, like any other institution of higher learning, it does have its faults. My first day was filled with confusion and challenges but I managed to get  though it as will any other first day student. Generally I think this will be a great experience for me and ultimately it will help me in pursuit of my career dreams.

Assignment 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment 13 - Essay Example With regards to the case studies within our textbook, factors that tend to bring up an excellent organization include monitoring of the staff activities, ongoing coaching as well as a quality supervisory system (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). A high-service quality will only be achieved based on the level of coaching and training that the supervisors undertake. The supervisors that were assigned to each district school had undergone adequate professional development training that enabled them to have the relevant skills to carry out their supervisory duties. One of the major roles of a supervisor based on the case studies is to facilitate the staff so that they are able to share information through interactions among each other. This role is quite significant as it enables staff members to provide quality services that are geared towards meeting the organizational goals. The supervisors that were selected for the district schools had to ensure that they were aggressive in carrying out this role effectively (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). Therefore, the success of having quality performance and service in the district school was dependent on this role. Quality supervision simply includes monitoring people, tasks and processes. In order for an organization to prosper there is need for it to ensure that the set goals and objectives are attainable. Therefore, based on this assumption supervisors must focus on various staff relationships as well as constant assessment of the tasks that are meant to achieve the goals and mission of the organization. The administration of the district schools gave more attention on quality supervision in order to ensure that the performance goals of the schools were attainable. Based on the case studies within our textbooks, supervisors conduct their duty so that they are able to achieve their own set professional goals as well as

Relationship and Marital Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Relationship and Marital Therapy - Essay Example Having to live with a person in such a close affinity makes it inevitable to avoid conflicts. However, they should not be considered as factors leading to an end of the relationship. In fact, as these discrepancies are inevitable, they should be dealt with in the best possible manner in order to neutralize the friction between the two individuals that come to pass due to incongruities between their personalities. The union of two people in such a close affinity that amalgamates all the aspects of their lives in a single bond is as significant a step as is the birth and death of life itself. The marriage of two people not only binds them together but also their families, their backgrounds, their values etc, and with every individual being so different in all these areas, it becomes inevitable to avoid conflicts based on such differences. There can be innumerable reasons for a conflict to arise. It is mostly triggered by the factor of disagreement between the spouses that might develop into prolonged and repetitive arguments, eliciting marriage problems. A few dynamics causing the marital conflicts to arise are as follows: Finances: It is an issue that is a cause of many disruptions in a couple. Arguments easily arise on issues such as bills, debts, spending, and other financial issues. Different financial strategies and philosophies can cause conflicts in a marriage. Chores: While having to live together under the same roof, some people want equal distribution of workload when it comes to household work and negligence on part of a spouse might cause some disruption in their harmony. In addition to that, factors like lack of quality time together, sexual issues, dislike of a certain set of habits of the spouse, inability of the spouse to come up to the expectations of the other and a refusal to comprise or change for each other’s sake are a few of the most common cause of marital discord. Experts

Trusts-UK legal system,fuduciaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Trusts-UK legal system,fuduciaries - Essay Example Dean, the company’s solicitor agreed with Anna that she would negotiate the purchase, receiving 5% of the final purchase figure. Anna negotiated the purchase price at  £1million. Anna and Dean were also responsible for the renegotiation of the company’s key ingredient (Citsalp) supplier, Kipling Ltd. Kipling Ltd requested  £50,000 in advance and  £2,500 per month for the exclusivity of the supply, and the company could not afford this. Anna and Dean put together the money themselves and negotiate with Kipling Ltd purchase the supply and its exclusivity. They then offer the company exclusivity of supply of Citsalp at  £25,000 in advance and  £2,750 per month. [Kipling are happy with this]. Anna decides to sell her shares and retire as director, selling her shares in Gealette Ltd to Beauty Trust for  £20,000 below the market value. The new product is delayed and causes Gealette Ltd significant losses, and it is on the verge of folding. Gealette Ltd’s shares are almost worthless. The nature of a person in decision making decides the success rate in any business enterprise. At times, being aggressive in decision making helps and during some times, it may fail if the organization falters in strategic decisions. Trustee is a person who administers a trust. At the same time, a trustee is considered as a fiduciary and he or she owes the highest duty under the law to protect trust property from unreasonable loss for the trusts beneficiaries. In cases of mismanagement of trust property by trustee, he or she would be held liable for the extent of loss incurred. Anna in the present cases study has undergone the similar experience. Being a trustee of a beauty trust, she has some reasonable rights in representing the trust in several national and international forums. She analysed that the purchase of shares in company â€Å"Gealette† would certainly benefit the trust and accordingly the beauty trust purchased

7-Eleven Japans strategic supply chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

7-Eleven Japans strategic supply chain - Essay Example The success of 7-Eleven as a convenience store transformed it to become one of the world's largest operator, franchisor and licensor of convenience stores, with more than 27,900 units worldwide.In November 2005, 7-Eleven was taken private by Seven-Eleven Japan Company, a Japanese retailing chain. As the largest convenience store chain in the world, 7-Eleven convenience stores are open 24 hours a day. In Japan, the size of its stores was decreased in size that ranges from 125 to 150 square meters and each store stocks approximately 2,300 to 2,800 items. The company sells tobacco, beverages, beer, wine, candy snacks, fresh foods, dairy items and other general merchandise through its stores. In addition, 7-Eleven sells a number of private label products such as Slurpee semi-frozen carbonated beverages, Cafe Select coffee, Big Gulp fountain beverages and Big Bite hotdogs.Since its establishment in 1973, 7-Eleven Japan had taken on "Adapting to Change" as its business slogan, reflecting i ts focus on adapting to changing consumer trends. As such, its 7-Eleven convenience stores had earned the patronage of much of the population, far outstripping other companies in the convenience store sector as well as in the overall retail industry in terms of growth and profitability. In 2000, while Japan was in the midst of an economic downturn, 7-Eleven Japan opened an additional 423 stores and recorded the highest profits in the retail industry. Fact is that 7-Eleven Japan realized its phenomenal growth between the years of 1985 and 2003. During these period, the number of stores increased from 2,299 to 10,303; annual sales increased from 386 billion to 2,343 billion yen; and net income increased from 9 billion to 91.5 billion yen. Additionally, the company's return on equity (ROE) averaged around 14 percent between 2000 and 2004. In 2004, Seven-Eleven Japan represented Japan's largest retailer in terms of operating income and number of stores. Customer visits to 7-Eleven outle ts totaled 3.6 billion that year, averaging almost 30 visits to a 7-Eleven annually for every person in Japan. This impressive result and its rapid growth were due to its efforts at developing merchandise and services that met customers' needs and requirements. For example, it was the pioneer in providing ready-made meals such as sushi and spaghetti that had become popular among the Japanese population. In addition, the information and distribution systems played an especially large role in placing 7-Eleven Japan in a leading position. A convenience store chain attempts to be responsive and provide customers what they need, when they need it, where they need it. What are some different ways that a convenience store supply chain can be responsive What are some risks in each case Increasing supply chain responsiveness would mean the firm will also increase its ability to: Strategy in Increasing Supply Chain Responsiveness Risks Involved respond to wide ranges of quantities demanded meet short lead times handle a large variety of products build highly innovative products meet a very high service level Wider range of quantity implies greater variance in demand Less time to react to orders Demand per product becomes more disaggregated New products tend to have more uncertain demand Firm now has to handle unusual surges in demand Matching supply chain capabilities to customer's requirements means that a firm and their supply chain partners must be continually reassessing their performance with respect to these requirements. This reveals the importance of performance measures and their ability to relay information regarding the performance of each member within the supply chain, along with the performance of the supply chain vis--vis its end customers. Successful supply chains are those that can continue to deliver the right combination of cost, quality, and customer service as customer needs change. Weaknesses in any of these areas can mean loss of competitiveness and profits for all

Farmgirl Broke the Contract with Pastaman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Farmgirl Broke the Contract with Pastaman - Essay Example The agreement between Pastaman and Farmgirl bore all the hallmarks for the existence of adequate consideration. According to Pollock (1906), one of the most basic elements to test for consideration is the premise that something must move from the offeree to the offeror. That is, the person making the offer must be expecting something in return. In this case, Pastaman offer to buy all of Farmgirl’s produce, including the excess was the item that was moving from him to Farmgirl. On the other hand, Farmgirl’s acceptance to sell all her produce to Pastaman, and no excess to a third party without his consent was the item that was moving from her to Pastaman. However, the alibi of consideration here became subjective or destroyed, given that her agreement to the contract was an aspect of detrimental reliance (Gordley, 1997) on Pastaman’s agent who claimed that their company had never sought the enforcement of the consideration clause. Farmgirl obviously acted on the be lief that there was no consideration and she had no obligation to respect the terms of not selling her excess tomatoes to a third party. As was seen in the famous case of Tweddle v Atkinson (1861)1 if no consideration is present, then the contract may not be enforceable, even if it contains a clause to the effect that it should be enforceable. In this landmark case, the absence of consideration prevented Tweddle implying a contract between himself and Atkinson (see: TweddleVAtkinson1861). However, Powell (1790) contended that another important factor that showed consideration was forbearance. That is, the consideration is said to exist when one party accepts to fail to carry out an act. Farmgirl never agreed to seek Pastaman’s consent before selling her excess tomatoes to third parties. So there wasn’t any act of forbearance here and hence any consideration.

Harley davidson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Harley davidson - Essay Example this mission by providing to the motorcyclists and the general public with vast line of motorcycles, accompanied with branded products and services through the selected market segments. The first objective is attracting customers from the vast younger generation and women. The second objective is achieving a balance existing through empowering the brand and the rising of value. The next objective is engaging in the production of high-quality products and aim at reducing on the customer complaints. Finally, Harley Davidson aims at enhancing operational efficiency while putting focus on the Global Market through engaging towards raising the company’s market shares. 4. Be able to grow into a global enterprise and be able to maintain on the operation basing on a strategic international market with the purpose of supporting the company’s worldwide dealer and distributor networks. There is need to see expansion on the Rider’s Edge as a measure of experiencing the dream of riding The company adopts an Open Door Policy in all of its areas of operations as a measure aimed at encouraging the employee involvement in the initiatives of transforming the company. The second policy is about Protecting Trademarks & Patents. The third policy is Empowering R&D in order to become a leader in the market and develop better products. The final policy is engaging in Climate Change initiatives that are in light with the changing global science and policy. 5. The company provides memorable experiences to its buyers as a measure of developing an intense brand loyalty 6. Engage in building a strong relationship with the suppliers as an initiative of getting quality products and cost reduction. There was an excessive concentration on aging baby boomers and with some current efforts shifting to women and young generation. The strategy aims at increasing the number of sales by teaching this target population how to ride. Secondly, there is a need for providing training for rider

Staffing Plan for a Growing Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Staffing Plan for a Growing Business - Assignment Example The assembly-line employees have to take a practical test in order to prove their proficiency in their area of expertise whereas, any experienced lawyer can join the organization as contract administrator. The post will be part-time in nature because the company will not be able to afford a legal expert as a regular employee. The assembly line technicians will get paid on daily basis in order to keep the relevant costs lower in order to enhance the profitability of the company in the opening days. However, once the orders are secured, and the company will start supplying surveillance cameras to different states then, it will be in position to take traditional approach towards organizational structure and culture. In the meanwhile, it has to operate with a loosely coupled system because the future is uncertain to say the least. The volume of sales will cement the identity of the organization or it will destroy the company altogether. The post of control engineer will be permanent beca use his presence will be required at all times. The company will have to make a serious effort in order to provide the employees with healthy environment to work in, and if it cannot do so then, the workers will reserve the right to proceed with legal proceedings upon finding working conditions unsatisfactory. The company at the same time has to offer them minimum wages so that they cannot take the matter to the court as well (Fevre, Robinson, Lewis, & Jones, 2013). Larger percentage of the employees will be doing temporary work, and therefore, they will not have any right to claim healthcare benefits. However, the company has to maintain onsite emergency healthcare service in order to deal with unfortunate mishaps. The practice of staffing does not constitute a random process, but it is rather a sophisticated one indeed, because it has to establish job descriptions, job analyses, and payrolls as well. All of the abovementioned